土木工程文章.doc
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TraditionalConstructionProcedures Asmentionedbefore,constructionunderthetraditionalconstructionprocedureis performedbycontractors.Whiletheywouldliketosatisfytheownerandthebuilding designers,contractorshavethemainobjectiveofmakingaprofit.Hence,theirinitial taskistoprepareabidpricebasedonanaccurateestimateofconstructioncosts.This requiresdevelopmentofaconceptforperformanceoftheworkandaconstruction timeschedule.Afteracontracthasbeenawarded,contractorsmustfurnishandpay forallmaterials,equipment,power,labor,andsupervisionrequiredforconstruction. Theownercompensatesthecontractorsforconstructioncostsandservices. Ageneralcontractorassumesoverallresponsibilityforconstructionofabuilding.The contractorengagessubcontractorswhotakeresponsibilityfortheworkofthevarious tradesrequiredforconstruction.Forexample,aplumbingcontractorinstallsthe plumbing,anelectricalcontractorinstallstheelectricalsystem,andanelevator contractorinstallselevators.Theircontractsarewiththegeneralcontractor,andthey arepaidbythegeneralcontractor. Sometimes,inadditiontoageneralcontractor,theownercontractsseparatelywith specialtycontractors,suchaselectricalandmechanicalcontractors,whoperforma substantialamountoftheworkrequireforabuilding.Suchcontractorsarecalled primecontractors.Theirworkisscheduledandcoordinatedbythegeneralcontractor, buttheyarepaiddirectlybytheowner. Sometimesalso,theownermayusethedesign-buildmethodandawardacontractto anorganizationforboththedesignandconstructionofabuilding.Suchorganizations arecalleddesign-buildcontractors.Onevariationofthistypeofcontractisemployed bydevelopersof
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