A Second Generation Swirl-Venturi Lean Direct Injection Combustion Concept

ASecondGenerationSwirl-VenturiLeanDirect

InjectionCombustionConcept

KathleenM.Tacina?,ClarenceT.Chang?andZhuohuiJoeHe?

NASAGlennResearchCenter,Cleveland,Ohio,44135

PhilLee?andBidhanDam?

WoodardFST,Zeeland,Michigan,49464

HukamMongia§

PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,Indiana,47907

Alow-NOxaircraftgasturbineenginecombustionconceptwasdevelopedandtested.Theconceptisasecondgenerationswirl-venturileandirectinjection(SV-LDI)concept.LDIisalean-burncombustionconceptinwhichthefuelisinjecteddirectlyintothe?amezone.ThreesecondgenerationSV-LDIcon?gurationsweredeveloped.Allthreewerebasedonthebaseline9-pointSV-LDIcon?gurationreportedpreviously.1Thesesecondgenerationcon?gurationshadbetterlowpoweroperabilitythanthebaseline9-pointcon-?guration.Twoofthesesecondgenerationcon?gurationsweretestedinaNASAGlennResearchCenter?ametube;thesetwocon?gurationsarecalledthe?atdomeand5-recesscon?gurations.Resultsshowthatthe5-recesscon?gurationgenerallyhadlowerNOxemis-sionsthanthe?atdomecon?guration.Correlationequationsweredevelopedforthe?atdomecon?gurationsothatthelanding-takeo?NOxemissionscouldbeestimated.The?atdomelanding-takeo?NOxisestimatedtobe87–88%belowtheCAEP/6standards,exceedingtheERAprojectgoalof75%reduction.

I.Introduction

Formorethan40years,NASAhassustainedprogramstoreducetheenvironmentale?ectsofaviation.Amajorfocusoftheseprogramshasbeenreducingtheemissionsofnitrogenoxides(NOx)whilesimul-taneouslyreducingemissionsofcarbonmonoxide(CO),unburnedhydrocarbons,andsmokeandmeetingothercombusitiondesignrequirementsincludingoperabilityanddurability.NOxemissionsincreasesmogandozoneinthelowertroposphereanddecreasetheprotectiveozonelayerinthestratosphere.2

Currently,theEnvironmentallyResponsibleAviation(ERA)projectaimstoreducetheenginespeci?cfuelconsumptionby15%andtheemissionsofNOxby75%;thesegoalsapplytoN+2conceptsthatwillenterserviceby2025.ordertoreducespeci?cfuelconsumption,engineswillneedtoincreasetheoperatingpressureratio,thusincreasingthecombustorinletpressureandtemperature.However,NOxformationratesincreasewithhighertemperatures.TodecreaseNOxby75%whilereducingspeci?cfuelconsumption,improvedlow-NOxcombustortechnologiesneedtobedeveloped.UnderanERAprojectcontractwithNASA,aInordertoreduceNOxemissions,NASAhasseveralcombustionconcepts.Thesecon-ceptsfallintotwocategories:rich-front-endandlean-front-end.Rich-front-endcombustorsaresimilartotraditionalcombustorsinthattheprimarycombustionzoneisfuel-rich—onlypartofthecombustionair?Aerospace

?Engineer,

?Engineer

§VisitingEngineer,CombustionBranchAIAAmemberProfessor,SchoolofMechanicalEngineering,AIAAFellow

1of18

AmericanInstituteofAeronauticsandAstronautics

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