石化废水处理过程中活性污泥毒性变化

中国环境科学 2017,37(3)：963~971 China Environmental Science 石化废水处理过程中活性污泥毒性变化

罗 梦1,2,3,于 茵1,2,周岳溪1,2*,王钦祥4,宋玉栋1,2,何绪文3 (1.中国环境科学研究院水污染控制技术研究中心,北京 100012；2.中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京 100012；3.中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京 100083；4.兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院,甘肃 兰州 730070)

摘要：考察了某石化园区废水从进入污水处理厂到到达好氧生物处理单元之前,各级工艺处理后废水对活性污泥的毒性的变化情况,通过活性污泥耗氧速率抑制效应、脱氢酶活性抑制效应和发光细菌急性毒性3种指标表征石化废水的活性污泥毒性,测定了沿程各节点废水的三维荧光光谱,并解析了石化废水对活性污泥的毒性与其荧光光谱特征之间的相关性.结果表明,石化废水对好氧生物处理工艺中硝化细菌耗氧速率的抑制率达50%~60%,经过好氧生物处理单元之前的各级处理后,抑制作用仍然在30%左右.在沿程各处理工艺中,水解酸化与A段缺氧处理对毒性削减作用相对明显.比较3种毒性表征方法的结果,耗氧速率法较适合评价石化废水对活性污泥的毒性.各水样的荧光峰集中在λex/λem=200~300/250~400nm区域,其中峰C(λex/λem=225/340)、E(λex/λem=275/325)、F(λex/λem=275/335)与毒性相关性较强,因此,检测发射波长在325~340nm内荧光物质有助于快速表征石化废水活性污泥毒性.

关键词：石化废水；活性污泥毒性；耗氧速率；脱氢酶活性；发光细菌；三维荧光

中图分类号：X703 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6923(2017)03-0963-09

Changes of the toxicity of petrochemical wastewater to activated sludge along the treatment processes. LUO Meng1,2,3, YU Yin1,2, ZHOU Yue-xi2,3*,WANG Qin-xiang4, SONG Yu-dong1,2, HE Xu-wen3 (1.Research Center of Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China；2.State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China；3.School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China；4.School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China). China Environmental Science, 2017,37(3)：963~971

Abstract：The changes of wastewater toxicity to activated sludge along the treatment processes from water intake to the aerobic biological unit in an integrated petrochemical wastewater treatment plant were investigated. The assay was done based on three toxicity characterization methods: oxygen uptake rate of activated sludge, dehydrogenase activity of activated sludge and acute toxicity to luminescent bacteria. Moreover, the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of effluents from each process unit were analyzed and the relationship between fluorescence characteristics and the toxicity profiles was revealed. The results showed that the influent petrochemical wastewater had an inhibition on the oxygen uptake rate of nitrifier up to 50%~60%. After the treatment processes prior to the aerobic biological treatment unit, the inhibition of the treated wastewater on activated sludge still reached 30%. Among them, hydrolysis acidification and anoxic treatment were found to decrease the wastewater toxicity obviously. Based on the comprehensive comparison of the results from these three methods, the oxygen uptake rate method is more suitable for the toxicity evaluation of petrochemical wastewater on activated sludge. As to the fluorescence spectra of the water samples, all the fluorescence peaks appeared in the region of λex/λem=200-300/250~400nm, and the fluorescence intensity of peak C (λex/λem=225/340), peak E (λex/λem=275/325) and peak F (λex/λem=275/335) were positively correlated with the toxicity at a certain extent. The fluorescence peaks with emission wavelength of 325~340nm are recommended to be used for rapid and simple monitoring the toxicity of petrochemical wastewater to activated sludge.

收稿日期：2016-07-15

基金项目：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项资助项目(2012ZX07201-005)

* 责任作者, 研究员, zhouyuexi@263.net

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