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大型水电站蜗壳及厂房结构探讨
摘要:介绍我国大型水电站蜗壳与厂房结构的动力分析研究现状,以及蜗壳与厂房结构和机组运行稳定性之间的关系,并就影响动力反应特性的几个因素,如垫层材料的非线性、蜗壳钢衬和外围混凝土间的非均匀接触、外围混凝土的已有损伤和开裂、流道内巨大水体的存在等进行论述,指出在内源荷载作用下地下厂房及蜗壳结构动力分析数值模型构建中所存在的问题。最后,结合汶川地震中地下厂房的震害,详细论证了进行地下蜗壳及厂房抗震研究的必要性和紧迫性。 关键词:水电站;厂房;蜗壳;动力分析;垫层;
Dynamic analysis of spiral casings and powerhouses of large-scale hydropower stations//ZHANG Yun-liang(School ofHydraulic Engineering, Faculty ofInfrastructure Engineering, Dalian University ofTechnology, Dalian 116024, China)Abstract: The research advances in the dynamic analysis of spiral casings of large-scale hydropower stations as well as therelationship between their dynamic characteristics and the safety operation of turbine generating setswere introduced.The necessityfor conducting researches on some factors for the dynamic responses of the spiral casings and hydropower houses were discussed,including the nonlinearity of materials for cushion layer, the non-uniform contact between steel spiral casings and surroundingconcrete, the existing damage and cracks in reinforced concrete and the giant water body in flow channels, etc. The existingproblemsin the establishement of numerical models for dynamic analysis of underground hydropower houses and spiral casings excited by internal forces ofwater and turbine generating setswere putforward.Finally, based on the seismic damage of large-andmiddel-scale underground hydropowerhouses in“Wenchuan Earthquake”, the necessity and impendency of aseismic researches onthe underground hydropower houses were demonstrated.
Key words: hydropower station; powerhouse; spiral casing; dynamic analysis; cushion layer;
蜗壳及其外围钢筋混凝土组合结构
是水电站的主体。随着大型常规电站
和抽水蓄能电站的兴建,水轮机单机
容量的不断提高,蜗壳日趋巨型化,HD
值急剧增加,致使蜗壳结构形式的选
择设计也越发令人关注。某建设中的
超大型电站右岸为地下厂房,发电机
单机容量75万kW,超过目前世界上最大的三峡机组。蜗壳进口尺寸达11.47 m,如此规模的蜗壳结构承受着巨大的水荷载作用[1]。本文以该电站为背景,利用三维有限元仿真技术,对蜗壳垫层方案、打压方案与完全联合承载方案进行静动力比较分析。其中垫层方案垫层厚度5 cm,共有1MPa、3 MPa两种弹模的垫层材料;打压方案有4种设 1
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