电气检修规程最终版

保德神东发电有限责任公司 电气检修规程

电气检修规程

批 准：张金良

审 核：王 冬

编 制：段建峰

保德神东发电有限责任公司

日 期：二0一0年四月

本规程引用以下资料：

1.部颁《电力工业技术管理法规》

2.部颁《电业安全工作规程》

3.设备制造厂家使用说明书

4.山西省电力勘测设计院技术资料

5.各施工和调试单位的调试资料

下列人员应学习、熟悉本规程，要认真监督本规程的执行：

总经理、副总经理、总工程师、副总工程师、总经理助理；

主管安全经理、安健环经理、安监员；

设备技术部经理、经理助理、电气专工、点检员；

下列人员应熟知并要严格要求执行本规程：

检修维护部经理、经理助理、电气专责；

电气班长，电气检修人员；

下列人员应了解本规程：

运行部经理、经理助理、电气专责

值长、单元长、值班员及其他有关人员

内部资料 妥善保管

保德神东发电有限责任公司 电气检修规程

目 录

第一篇 220kV输变电设备保护 ·································································································· 5

第一章 PSL602A纵联距离保护装置检验规程 ········································································· 5

1 技术规范 ················································································································ 5 2 工作原理及校验周期································································································· 7 3 试验仪器仪表 ········································································································· 16 4 检修工艺及标准 ······································································································ 16 5 常用配件 ··············································································································· 19 6 二次回路检查及传动试验 ························································································· 19 第二章 PSL-631断路器保护装置检验规程 ············································································ 21

1 技术规范 ··············································································································· 21 2 工作原理及检验周期································································································ 22 3试验仪器仪表 ········································································································· 27 4检修工艺及标准 ······································································································ 27 5常用配件 ··············································································································· 30 6二次回路检查及传动试验 ·························································································· 30 第三章 RCS-992A稳定控制装置检验规程 ············································································· 33

1 技术规范 ··············································································································· 33 2 工作原理及检验周期································································································ 34 3 试验仪器仪表 ········································································································· 37 4 检修工艺及标准 ······································································································ 37 5 常用配件 ··············································································································· 38 6 二次回路检查及传动试验 ························································································· 38 第四章 微机监控系统(NCS)检验规程 ··················································································· 41

1 技术规范 ··············································································································· 41 2 工作原理及校验周期································································································ 43 3 试验仪器仪表 ········································································································· 46 4 检修工艺及标准 ······································································································ 46 5 常用配件 ··············································································································· 55 6 二次回路检查及传动试验 ························································································· 55 第五章 线路故障录波装置检验规程 ····················································································· 57

1 技术规范 ··············································································································· 57 2 工作原理及检验周期································································································ 57 3 试验仪器仪表 ········································································································· 62 4 检修工艺及标准 ······································································································ 62 5 常用配件 ··············································································································· 63 6 二次回路检查及传动试验 ························································································· 63

第二篇 发变组及启/备变保护装置检验规程 ················································································· 65 第三篇 主厂房电力自动装置 ···································································································· 85

第一章 发电机同期装置检验规程 ························································································ 85 第二章 微机厂用电快速切换装置检验规程 ············································································ 91

1 技术规范 ··············································································································· 91 2 工作原理及检验周期································································································ 92 3 试验仪器仪表 ········································································································· 95 4 检修工艺及标准 ······································································································ 95 5 常用配件 ··············································································································· 96 6 二次回路检查及传动试验 ························································································· 97 第三章 不停电电源UPS装置检验规程 ··············································································· 101

1 技术规范 ············································································································· 101

保德神东发电有限责任公司 电气检修规程 2 工作原理及检验周期 ······························································································ 102 3 试验仪器仪表 ······································································································· 103 4 检修工艺及标准 ···································································································· 103 5 常用配件 ············································································································· 104 第四章 直流监测装置检验规程 ························································································· 107

1技术规范 ············································································································· 107 2工作原理 ············································································································· 108 3试验仪器仪表 ········································································································ 111 4检修工艺及标准 ···································································································· 112 5常用配件 ············································································································· 114 6二次回路检查及传动试验 ························································································ 114

第四篇 厂用6kV系统保护检验规程 ························································································ 119

第一章 MTPR-310-3X型微机变压器保护装置校验规程 ·························································· 119

1技术规范 ············································································································· 119 2 工作原理及检验周期 ······························································································ 120 3 试验仪器仪表 ······································································································· 120 4 检修工艺及标准 ···································································································· 120 第二章 MTPR--6110H型变压器差动保护装置校验规程 ·························································· 123

1 技术规范 ············································································································· 123 2 工作原理及检验周期 ······························································································ 124 3 试验仪器仪表 ······································································································· 124 4 检修工艺及标准 ···································································································· 125 5 常用配件及专用工具 ······························································································ 126 第三章 MLPR-310Hb型线路保护测控装置 ············································································ 127

1 技术规范 ············································································································· 127 2 工作原理及检验周期 ······························································································ 128 3 试验仪器仪表 ······································································································· 128 4 检修工艺及标准 ···································································································· 129 5 常用配件及专用工具 ······························································································ 130 6 二次回路检查及传动试验 ························································································ 130 第四章 MMPR-310Hb-3X型微机电动机保护装置 ································································· 131

1 技术规范 ············································································································· 131 2 工作原理及检验周期 ······························································································ 132 5 常用配件及专用工器具 ··························································································· 134 6 二次回路检查及传动试验 ························································································ 134 第五章 MMPR-320Hb-3(2)型电动机差动保护装置校验规程 ····················································· 135

1 技术规范 ············································································································· 135 2 工作原理及检验周期 ······························································································ 136 3 试验仪器仪表 ······································································································· 136 4 检修工艺及标准 ···································································································· 137 5 常用配件 ············································································································· 138 6 二次回路检查及传动试验 ························································································ 138

1.1.1 额定直流电压

110V 允许工作范围80%～ 115%

1.1.2 额定交流数据

/3 (额定电压Un) a) 相电压100

/3V有重合闸时可用软硬件自适应 b) 线路抽取电压100V或100

c) 交流电流 1A(额定电流In)

d) 额定频率 50Hz

e) 过载能力

电流回路 2倍额定电流连续工作

10倍额定电流允许10秒

40倍额定电流允许1秒

电压回路 1.2倍额定电压连续工作

1.8倍额定电压允许10秒

1.1.3 功率消耗

a) 直流回路

正常时<40W 跳闸时<50W

b) 交流电压回路 <0.5VA/相

c) 交流电流回路 <0.5VA/相In 5A 和In 1A

1.1.4 接点容量

跳闸信号其他辅助继电器接点容量

a)允许长期通过电流8A

b)切断电流0.2A 直流220V L/R=7ms

1.1.5 状态量电平

a) 各CPU 及通信接口模件的输入状态量电平 24V(18V 30V)

b) GPS 对时脉冲输入电平 24V(18V 30V)

c) 各CPU 输出状态量(光耦输出)允许电平 24V(18V 30V)

d) 各CPU 输出状态量(光耦输出)驱动能力 150mA

1.2 主要技术性能

1.2.1 采样回路精确工作范围

a) 相电压0.2 V～70V

b) 线路抽取电压0.3 V～120V

c) 电流 0.04In～40In

1.2.2 模拟量测量精度

电流电压 0.5 级相电流和零序电流的最小定值可达0.05A

1.2.3 纵联保护

距离方向元件最小动作时间10ms

零序方向元件最小动作时间10ms 零序电压采用浮动门坎最小动作电压为0.5V

1.2.4 整组动作时间

a) 相间和接地距离I 段 (0.7 倍整定值)动作时间

不大于20ms 典型值不大于12ms

b) 零序I 段的动作时间

1.2 倍整定值时测量不大于20ms

c) 纵联保护

全线速动时间不大于25ms

快速保护均不大于3%

1.2.6 最小整定阻抗

不包括因装置外部原因造成的误差

暂态超越不大于5%的最小整定二次侧阻抗值为0.01 (短路残压大于0.5V)

1.2.7 测距误差

不包括因装置外部原因造成的误差

金属性故障时不大于2%

1.3 绝缘性能

1.3.1 绝缘电阻

装置的带电部分和非带电部分及外壳之间以及电气上无联系的各电路之间用开路电压500V的兆欧表测量其绝缘电阻值正常试验大气条件下各等级的各回路绝缘电阻不小于1MΩ

1.3.2 介质强度

在正常试验大气条件下装置能承受频率为50Hz 电压2000V 信号输入端子为500V历时1 分钟的工频耐压试验而无击穿闪络及元件损坏现象试验过程中任一被试回路施加电压时其余回路等电位互联接地

1.3.3 冲击电压

在正常试验大气条件下装置的电源输入回路交流输入回路输出触点回路对地以及回路之间能承受

1.2/50μs 的标准雷电波的短时冲击电压试验开路试验电压5kV

1.3.4 耐湿热性能

装置能承受GB7261 第21 章规定的湿热试验

1.4 电磁兼容性能

1.4.1 静电放电抗干扰度

通过GB/T 17626.2 1998 标准静电放电抗干扰4 级试验

1.4.2 射频电磁场辐射抗干扰度

通过GB/T 17626.3 1998 标准射频电磁场辐射抗干扰度3 级试验

1.4.3 电快速瞬变脉冲群抗扰度

通过GB/T 17626.4 1998 标准电快速瞬变脉冲群抗扰度4 级试验

1.4.4 浪涌冲击抗扰度

通过GB/T 17626.5 标准浪涌冲击抗扰度3 级试验

1.4.5 射频场感应的传导骚扰度

通过GB/T 17626.6 1998 标准射频场感应的传导骚扰度3 级试验

1.4.6 工频磁场抗扰度

通过GB/T 17626.8 1998 标准工频磁场抗扰度5 级试验

1.4.7 脉冲磁场抗扰度

通过GB/T 17626.9 1998 标准脉冲磁场抗扰度5 级试验

1.4.8 阻尼振荡磁场抗扰度

通过GB/T 17626.10 1998 标准阻尼振荡磁场抗扰度5 级试验

1.4.9 振荡波抗扰度

通过GB/T 17626.12 1998 标准振荡波抗扰度4 级试验

1.4.10 辐射发射限值试验

通过GB 9254 1998 标准辐射发射限值A 类试验

1.5 机械性能

1.5.1 振动

装置能承受GB 7261 中16.3 规定的严酷等级为I 级的振动能力试验

1.5.2 冲击

装置能承受GB 7261 中17.5 规定的严酷等级为I 级的冲击能力试验

1.5.3 碰撞

装置能承受GB 7261 第18 章规定的严酷等级为I 级的碰撞能力试验

1.6 工作大气条件

1.6.1 环境温度

正常工作温度 0℃～40℃

5%～95%

1.6.3 正常工作大气压力

66kPa～110kPa

2 工作原理及校验周期

2.1 工作原理

2.1.1 保护程序整体结构

保护程序整体结构如图

2.1

图2.1 保护程序整体结构

所有保护CPU 程序主要包括主程序、采样中断程序和故障处理程序。正常运行主程序。每隔1ms采样间隔定时执行一次采样中断程序，采样中断程序中执行启动元件，如果启动元件没有动作，返回主程序。如果启动元件 动作，则进入故障处理程序(定时采样中断仍然执行),完成相应保护功能,整组复归时启动元件返回程序又返回进入正常运行的主程序。

主程序中进行硬件自检、交流电压断线检查、定值校验、开关位置判断、人机对话模件和CPU 模件运行是否正常相互检查等。硬件自检包括ROM、RAM、EEPROM、开出光耦等。

采样中断程序中进行模拟量采集和相量计算、开关量的采集、交流电流断线判别、重合闸充电、通道逻辑、合闸加速判断和启动元件计算等。

故障处理程序中进行各种保护的算法计算、跳合闸判断和执行、事件记录、故障录波、保护所有元件的动作过程记录，最后进行故障报告的整理和记录所用定值。

2.1.2 启动元件和整组复归

2.1.2.1 启动元件

保护启动元件用于启动故障处理程序及开放保护跳闸出口继电器的，各个保护模件以相电流突变量为主要的启动元件，启动门坎由突变量启动定值加上浮动门坎，在系统振荡时自动抬高突变量启动元件的门坎。零序电流启动元件、静稳破坏检测元件为辅助启动元件，延时30ms动作以确保相电流突变量元件的优先动作。

(1) 相电流突变量启动元件

判据为

其中为a,b,c 三种相别T 为20ms ?i?I?1.25?IQDT

ii(t)?2?i(t?T)?i(t????，为相电流突变量

(t?T)?2?I(t??I)Tφφφ，为相电流不平衡量的最大值

2.1.2.2 启动继电器的闭锁措施

PSL602A数字式高压线路保护CPU模件硬件完全相同,其出口回路完全独立。任意一块CPU模件故障均不影响其他CPU 模件的正常动作。当采用三块CPU模件时，启动回路可以由CPU1～CPU3其中两个CPU启动才开放保护出口继电器的负电源，即构成“三取二方式”。由于每个CPU 都有较完善的硬件工况的监视系统，单个硬件器件故障不会引起保护误动，因此启动回路可以选用“三取一方式”。(当只有两个保护CPU 模件时，如PSL 602A型保护，对应的启动继电器为“二取二方式”和“二取一方式”)。“三取一方式”或“三取二方式”，可以通过装置母板上的跳线JP1选择。出厂时跳线方式为“三取一方式”。母板中跳线JP1接法如下图所示，两个连接片分别接在1和2、4和5上时(即连接片在水平位置都连在左边),启动继电器为“三取一方式”，图中标识了“1/3”；两个连接片分别接在2和3、5和6上时(即连接片在水平位置都连在右边),启动继电器为“三取二方式”，图中标识了“2/3”，当不接连接片时为“三取二方式”。

图2.2 母板中跳线JP1引脚图

2.1.2.3 整组复归

各保护模件启动后就发出禁止整组复归的信号，如果本保护所有的启动元件和故障测量元件都返回，并且持续五秒本保护模件就收回禁止整组复归信号。保护收到任一个模件禁止整组复归的信号就保持原先的启动状态直到所有模件都收回禁止整组复归信号时才能整组复归，这样就能保证所有模件均满足整组复归条件时装置才整组复归。

2.1.3 选相元件

选相元件是区分故障性质和相别,以满足保护分相跳闸的要求。PSL602数字式线路保护的主保护和后备保护采用相同原理的选相元件。为了在特殊系统(例如弱电源)和转换性等复杂故障下能够正确选相并有足够的灵敏度，采用电压电流复合突变量和复合序分量两种选相原理相结合的方法。在故障刚开始时采用快速和高灵敏度的突变量选相方法，以后采用稳态的序分量选相方法，保证在转换性故障时能够正确选相。

两种选相元件的原理如下

2.1.3.1 电压电流复合突变量选相元件 ?U??I???ab、bc、ca令?? &&&?U、?I????其中为相间回路电压、电流的突变量；Z为阻抗系数，其值根据距离保护或者纵联方向保护中的阻抗元件的整定值自动调整。

Δmax、Δmin分别为Δab、Δbc、Δca中的最大值和最小值。

选相方法如下

(1)当Δmin<0.25Δmax时判定为单相故障，否则为多相故障。

(2)单相故障时，若Δbc=Δmin判定为a相故障；若Δca=Δmin判定为b相故障；若Δab=Δmin判定为c 相故障。

abbc(3)多相故障时，若同时满足ab、bc、ca

性故障(一正一反)，采用相电流方向元件选择正向的故障相别。 ???U???U???Uca判定为区内相间故障；否则为转换

&&&??U(1?3k?IZ0?Z)0????&&?U?I?Z22??令，即θ为补偿点零序电压和负序电压的相角差。其中Z为阻抗?U(?abbcca) 保德神东发电有限责任公司 电气检修规程

系数，与突变量选相元件类似； KZ为零序补偿系数。

将θ 的取值分成三个区，每个区内包含有两种故障。当-30°<θ≤90°时为A区，为A相接地或BC两相接地；当90°<θ≤210°时为B区，为B相接地或CA两相接地；当210°<θ≤330°时为C区，为C相接地或AB两相接地。本选相元件就是根据这个特性进行故障相的判别。

为了进一步区分单相接地和两相接地，依次作如下判别(以A 区为例)：

(1)IIIZbc?Zzd时，判定为A相接地；否则

0.5I1时，判定为BCG；否则 1或I2?(2)0

(3)B、C相方向元件都动作时，判定为BCG；否则

(4)B相方向元件动作时，判定为BG；C相方向元件动作时判定为CG。

对于A 相故障，Zbc为负荷阻抗，不会进入保护范围内，因此条件(1)满足时肯定为A相接地；对于转换性故障(正向BG、反向CG)，由于B相和C相电流的流向相反，测量到的是一个虚假的I0 、I1 、和I2 可以证明转换性故障时条件(2)不成立，因此通过条件(3)、(4)进行转换性故障的判别。

对于三相转换性故障(例如AG正向、BCG反向)，上面的方法仍不能正确选相，因此三相电压低于15V时，通过三个相电流方向元件选择正方向的故障相。

这种选相元件除了在复杂故障时能够正确选相，另外对于弱电源侧的故障选相有足够的灵敏度。

2.1.4 振荡闭锁的开放元件

在相电流突变量启动150ms内，距离保护和纵联距离保护短时开放。在突变量启动150ms后或者零序电流辅助启动、静稳破坏启动后，保护程序进入振荡闭锁。在振荡闭锁期间，纵联距离和距离I、II段要在振荡闭锁开放元件动作后才投入。

振荡闭锁的开放元件要满足以下几点要求：

a)系统不振荡时开放；

b)系统纯振荡时不开放；

c)系统振荡又发生区内故障时能够可靠、快速开放；

d) 系统振荡又发生区外故障时，在距离保护会误动期间不开放。

对于不可能出现系统振荡的线路，可由控制字退出振荡闭锁的功能，以提高保护的动作速度。本装置的振荡闭锁开放元件采用了阻抗不对称法、序分量法和振荡轨迹半径检测法的三种方法，任何一种动作时就开放纵联距离和距离I、II保护。前两种方法只能开放不对称故障，在线路非全相运行时退出；最后一种方法则在全相和非全相运行时都投入。

各种方法原理和判据说明如下：

1)阻抗不对称法

选相元件选中A相，并且BC相间的测量阻抗在辅助阻抗范围外时开放A相的阻抗I、II段。对于B 相接地距离保护和C 相接地距离保护依次类推。

在系统振荡时，若两侧电势的功角在180°附近时，相间阻抗的辅助段会动作，该元件不会开放接地距离保护；若两侧电势的功角在0°附近时，该元件开放接地距离保护，但此时接地距离保护不会误动作。该方法的特点是高阻接地时，保护也能开放，缺点是只能开放单相接地故障。

2)序分量法

1当02时开放距离保护。该方法是根据不对称故障时产生的零序和负序分量来开放保护。m

为可靠系数，以确保区外故障时保护不会误动。

3)振荡轨迹半径检测法

系统纯振荡，或振荡时发生经过渡电阻的故障，测量阻抗的变化轨迹为圆。金属性故障时，轨迹圆蜕变为点。阻抗变化率dz/dt与轨迹圆的半径有内在的关系。本方法是通过阻抗轨迹的测量来躲过会引起保护误动的振荡以及区外故障，具体方法为在满足以下条件时，开放BC 相间距离： I?0.5II?I?mI

dZZbc?2bc

dt b)

dZZbc?Zzd?bc

dt c)

其中zd为距离保护的整定值，ZΣ为一个不大于系统总阻抗的门坎，在装置内根据保护定值自动确定。对CA、AB相间距离和A、B、C接地距离以次类推。

条件a)使距离保护在系统纯振荡时不误动；条件b)使距离保护在振荡中发生反向故障时不误动；条件c)使距离保护在振荡中发生区外故障时不误动。可以证明系统振荡周期小于3 秒时，保护不会误动。为了进一步增加安全性，装置在检测到振荡周期很慢时自动闭锁该元件。

在发生出口故障时，条件b)将拒动。为此还设置了一个突变量方向元件，在条件a)和c)满足但条件b)不满足时，若突变量方向元件动作，开放距离保护100ms。

2.1.5 波形比较法快速距离保护

对于基于工频量的保护，都要采用某种算法(或滤波器)来滤除故障暂态过程中的非周期分量和谐波分量。数据窗的长度越长，滤波效果越好，但保护的动作速度也越慢。暂态谐波的大小和特性在不同的系统中差异很大，算法的选择要满足实际最严重情况下的测量精度，因此保护的动作速度难以得到较大的提高。本装置设置的快速距离I段保护，采用了基于波形识别原理的快速算法，能够通过故障电流的波形实时估计噪声的水平，并据此自动调整动作门坎，大大提高了保护的动作速度。其原理如下：

设f为系统额定频率，Ts为采样周期，θ=2 f，故障电流的采样值为

令 Zi,i,i,...,i012k

??X?i,i,i,...,i012kT

设电流向量为

T?cos(0),sin(0)??cos(?),sin(?)??A????......??cos(k?),sin(k?)?? ?k?Cos(l?)il???Tl?0AX??k??Sin(l?)i??l???l?0? 1k?k?2Cos(l?),Sin(2l?)????2l?0Tl?0A?A??k?k122Sin(2l?),?Sin(l?)???l?0?2l?0? T??I?jI?Y?Is,?Ic?Ics，并令T 。则电流相量的快速算法为 ?1Y?(?)XAA?A

同理可以获得电压的向量U，因此测量阻抗为 ?

该算法在故障三个采样点(2ms)后就能够计算出故障阻抗，从而构成快速距离保护。但算法的精度与数据窗的长度以及故障后系统暂态谐波的大小有关。在谐波比较小的情况下，很短的数据窗就能精确的测U?Z?I

除了波形比较法快速距离，在距离保护中还具备突变量距离保护，在线路近处故障，动作时间<10ms。

2.1.6 距离保护

距离保护设有Zbc、Zca、Zab三个相间距离保护和Za、Zb、Zc三个接地距离保护。除了三段距离外，还设有辅助阻抗元件，共有24个阻抗继电器。在全相运行时24个继电器同时投入；非全相运行时则只投入健全相的阻抗继电器，例如A相断开时只投入Zbc和Zb、Zc回路的各段保护。

2.1.6.1 接地距离 'Z?m(?,k)?Zzdzd Z其中'zd

接地距离由偏移阻抗元件PYφ、零序电抗元件0φ和正序方向元件

阻抗元件采用经傅氏积分的微分方程算法。接地阻抗算法为： ZXF1φ组成(φ=a,b,c)。

U?Ld(I?K3I)/dt?R(I?K3I),φ?a,b,cφφφX0φφr0

r011其中X011

接地距离偏移阻抗元件Ⅰ、Ⅱ段动作特性如图2.3.1的粗实线所示，并与正序方向元件F1和零序电抗继电器X0共同组成接地距离Ⅰ、Ⅱ段动作区。偏移阻抗Ⅲ段动作特性如图2.3.2的黑实线所示，并与正序方向元件F1共同组成接地距离Ⅲ段动作区。其中，阻抗定值ZZD按段分别整定,而电阻分量定值RZD和灵敏角φZD 三段公用一个定值。偏移门坎根据RZD和ZZD自动调整。

R分量的偏移门坎取

'R?min(0.5R,0.5Z).5R,0.5ZZDZDZDZD 即取0的较小值。 K?(X?X)/3X,K?(R?R)/3R

X分量的偏移门坎取

'X?min(0.5Ω,0.5Z).5Ω,0.5ZZDZD 即取0的较小值。

为了使各段的电阻分量便于配合，本特性电阻侧的边界线的倾角与线路阻抗角Ф相同，这样，在保护各段范围内，具有相同的耐故障电阻能力。

图2.3.1 阻抗Ⅰ、Ⅱ段动作特性 图2.3.2 阻抗Ⅲ段动作特性

由于ZPY不能判别故障方向。因此还设有正序方向元件F1。该元件采用正序电压和回路电流进行比相。以A相正序方向元件F1a为例，令2U?1/3(U?aU?aU)1abc ，正序方向元件F1a的动作判据为

U???25?1?115I?K3IA0 动作特性如图2.3.1和图2.3.2中的F1虚线所示，虚线以上是正方向动作区。

正序方向元件的特点是引入了健全相的电压，因此在线路出口处发生不对称故障时能保证正确的方向

2.1.6.2 相间距离

相间距离由偏移阻抗元件

相间阻抗算法为： U?Z(I?K3I)?ZD?0??90??90jIe0 ?ZPYφY和正序方向元件F1φφ组成(φφ=bc,ca,ab)。

相间偏移阻抗Ⅰ、Ⅱ段动作特性如图2.3.1的粗实线所示，并与正序方向元件F1共同组成相间距离Ⅰ、

Ⅱ段动作区。偏移阻抗Ⅲ段动作特性如图2.3.2的粗实线所示，并与正序方向元件F1共同组成相间距离Ⅲ段动作区。相间阻抗偏移特性和接地阻抗偏移特性相似。其中，阻抗定值ZZD按段分别整，定灵敏角φZD三段公用一个定值。相间偏移阻抗Ⅰ、Ⅱ的电阻分量为RZD的一半，相间偏移阻抗Ⅲ段的电阻分量为RZD。偏移门坎根据RZD和ZZD自动调整。

R分量的偏移门坎取

'Ⅰ,Ⅱ,ⅢⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢR?min(0.5R,0.5Z)0.5R,0.5ZZDZDZDZD 即取的较小值。 U?LdI/dt?RI,φφ?bc,ca,aφφφφφφ

X分量的偏移门坎取

'X?min(0.5Ω,0.5Z).5Ω,0.5ZZDZD 即取0的较小值。

相间距离所用正序方向元件F1原理和接地距离所用正序方向元件原理相同。相间距离所用正序方向元件采用正序电压和相间电流进行比相。

本装置设置了六个阻抗回路(Zbc、Zca、Zab、Za、Zb、Zc)的阻抗辅助元件，阻抗辅助元件具有全阻抗性质的四边形特性，其定值与阻抗Ⅲ段相同，动作特性如图

2.4所示。阻抗辅助元件不作为故障范围的判别，应用于静稳破坏检测、故障选相等元件中。

图2.4 阻抗辅助元件

2.1.6.3 距离保护逻辑

距离保护逻辑方框图见下图：距离保护动作逻辑说明

1、接地距离Ⅰ段保护区内短路故障时，动作后经T2延时(一般整定为零)由或门H4、H2至选相元件控制的回路跳闸；跳闸脉冲由跳闸相过流元件自保持，直到跳闸相电流元件返回才收回跳闸脉冲。相间故障动作后经T3延时(一般整为零)由或门H7、H18、H19进行三相跳闸，当KG1.8=1时(相间故障永跳),保护直接经由或门H14、H22、H21永跳。I段II段距离保护分别经与门Y7、Y8、Y9、Y10由振荡闭锁元件控制，振荡闭锁元件可经由控制字选择退出。

2、当选相元件拒动时，H2的输出经Y19、H23、选相拒动时间延时元件T8(150ms)、H24、H19进行三相跳闸；因故单相运行时，同样经T8延时实现三相跳闸。

3、Ⅱ段保护区内短路故障时，接地故障和相间故障的动作情况与I段保护区内故障时相同。除动作时限ZφZ'φφ

4、非全相运行过程中，健全相发生短路故障时，振荡闭锁元件开放，保护区内发生接地或相间短路故障时，H4或H7动作，于是H5的输出经Y12、H18、H19进行三相跳闸；若KG1.10=1(非全相永跳),则经或门H20、H21进行永跳。

5、手合或重合于故障线路，H25的输出经Y21、H22、H21进行永跳。

2.1.7 零序电流保护

其灵敏角在-110度，动作区共150度

零序各段是否带方向可以由控制字选择投退。

线路PT时，在非全相运行和合闸加速期间，自产3U0已不单纯是故障形成，零序功率方向元件退出，按规程规定零序电流保护自动不带方向。

当PT断线后，零序电流保护的方向元件将不能正常工作，零序保护是否还带方向由“PT断线零序方向投退”控制字选择。如果选择PT断线时零序方向投入，PT断线时所有带方向的零序电流段均不能动作，这样可以保证PT断线期间反向故障，带方向的零序电流保护不会误动。

零序保护在重合加速脉冲和手合加速脉冲期间投入独立的加速段，零序电流加速段定值及延时可整定。 零序Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ段动作是永跳还是选跳可分别由控制字选择。

零序保护逻辑见下图： ?3U?175?0?3253I0 ?

保德神东发电有限责任公司 电气检修规程

零序保护逻辑框图

零序保护逻辑框图说明：

1、零序方向过流Ⅱ段、Ⅲ段、Ⅳ段可分别通过控制字选择为零序选跳或零序永跳。

2、PT断线时，零序功率方向经由与门Y1被闭锁，若KG2.9=1(PT断线时零序功率方向投入)，则与门Y9输出为0，或门H1无输出，从而零序电流各段被闭锁；当KG2.9=0时，与门Y9输出为1，或门H1有输出，零序电流各段开放，但不带方向。

3、非全相运行过程中，零序方向电流Ⅰ段(KG2.5=1,为灵敏段)、Ⅱ段(KG2.6=1,为灵敏段)、Ⅲ段被闭锁，保留零序方向电流Ⅳ，动作时限要求躲过非全相运行周期与加速保护动作时间之和。

4、当采用母线PT时(KG2.12=0)，非全相运行或合闸加速期间，零序功率方向元件是正确的，与门Y7、Y8可以开放；当采用线路PT时(KG2.12=1)时,在非全相运行或合闸加速期间,零序功率方向元件可能处于制动状态,为保证与门Y7、Y8的开放，由与门Y2的输出经H1提供了Y7、Y8的动作条件。

5、手动合闸或自动重合时，零序加速段由与门Y8实现。

2.1.8 非全相运行

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